Willys-Overland • Ford GPW • WWII

All models up to the early post-war years

Brief overview of prototypes, war models and first civilian successors.

Willys tag

Model overview

Collected here are the most important Bantam, Willys and Ford models that led to the standard wartime Jeep and its first postwar successors. For each model, the year or period of production and a short history of development are shown, so that the overview is more useful and readable than on the old version of the site.

Bantam Pilot Model
Prototype
Bantam Pilot Model1940

The first successfully delivered American prototype for a light 1/4-ton 4x4 military vehicle. It served as a starting point for further Army testing.

Bantam BRC-60
Pre-series
Bantam BRC-601940

Pre-production Bantam variant created after the pilot model, with a small series of vehicles for army testing and refinement.

Willys Quad
Prototype
Willys Quad1940

Willys answer to the Army competition of 1940. The key advantage was the more powerful Willys engine that later led to the production Jeep.

Ford Pygmy
Prototype
Ford Pygmy1940

An early Ford prototype with several details that would later influence the standard Jeep appearance, notably the flatter front end.

Budd Ford
Experimental prototype
Budd Ford1940

One of the early experimental Ford/Budd attempts at developing a light 4x4 vehicle during the first wave of Army testing.

Ford GP
Pre-series
Ford GP1941

Ford pre-production version produced before switching to standardized GPW. An important development stage between prototype and mass production.

Willys MA
Pre-series
Willys MA1941

Immediate predecessor of the MB model. Solutions that were simplified and standardized on the later MB were tested on the MA model.

Bantam BRC-40
Serial early model
Bantam BRC-401941

The most famous Bantam war variant; produced in relatively small numbers, but important to the early history of the Jeep concept.

Willys MB Slat-Grille
Early War Series
Willys MB Slat-Grille1941–1942

The earliest MB with a welded flat slat grill. Today, it is among the most sought-after early war examples.

Willys MB
Standard war model
Willys MB1942–1945

The main production Jeep of the US Army in World War II. Simple, robust and easy to maintain, it became an icon of war.

Ford GPW
Licensed war production
Ford GPW1942–1945

Ford production of a standardized Jeep to Willys specification, with recognizable Ford details and markings on the parts.

CJ-2A
Civilian Jeep
CJ-2A1945–1949

The first widely offered civilian Jeep, developed directly from the wartime MB for farm, craft and general commercial use.

CJ-3A
Civilian Jeep
CJ-3A1949–1953

Further development of the civilian CJ line with reinforcements, improved chassis and details adapted to everyday work use.

M38 (MC)
Military post-war model
M38 (MC)1950–1952

Post-war military Jeep based on a civilian platform, but with 24V electrical system, reinforcements and military adaptations for the Korean War period.

CJ-3B
Civilian Jeep
CJ-3B1953–1968

Distinguished by the taller bonnet due to the F-head Hurricane engine. One of the most important transitional models of the Willys/Kaiser era.

DJ-3A Dispatcher
2WD civilian model
DJ-3A Dispatcher1955–1964

A variant intended primarily for urban and commercial use, with rear-wheel drive and a different market focus.